Structural variation refers to changes in the DNA that result in the insertion, deletion, duplication, inversion, or translocation of large segments of genetic material within an individual's genome. These variations can range in size from a few base pairs to millions of base pairs and can have significant impacts on gene expression, genome structure, and ultimately, an individual's phenotype. Structural variations have been linked to a wide range of genetic disorders, including cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, and intellectual disabilities. Studying structural variation is important for understanding genetic diversity, evolution, and disease susceptibility in populations. This research area involves advanced genomic technologies and computational tools to accurately detect and analyze these complex genetic changes.